Musical Trip: Exploring Japan through Music

I chose Traditional Japanese music because I've always found it quite soothing and peaceful. It is a fusion of centuries-old cultural history, varied regional influences, and unique musical techniques. Understanding this genre requires an appreciation of its distinctive harmony, rhythms, tempo, and styles. We'll delve into these elements to provide a deeper insight into the unique character of traditional Japanese music.

The Japanese word for music is "Ongaku" directly translates to comfort. Music has played a big part in Japanese culture. Since its birth, Japanese music has been a huge part of religious ceremonies, theatrical performances, and communal celebration. There are four main types of traditional music, each with their own unique rhythms, harmonies, and even instruments.       

Koto

A notable feature of traditional Japanese music is its distinctive approach to harmony.    Unlike Western music, which often revolves around chord progressions and complex harmonies, traditional Japanese music commonly uses a pentatonic scale. This five-note scale forms the foundation of many pieces, producing a sound that is both simple and hauntingly beautiful. For instance, the yo scale (C, D, E, G, A) and the in scale (C, E♭, F, G, B♭) are regularly employed in traditional instruments such as the shakuhachi (bamboo flute) and the koto (stringed instrument). The emphasis is usually on melodic development over harmonic layering, imparting a spacious and contemplative quality to the music. 

    Traditional Japanese music incorporates a variety of unique and often intricate rhythmic patterns. The predominant form is 'ma' (space), highlighting the silence and intervals between notes. This principle fosters an immersive listening experience, permitting each tone to reverberate completely. Instruments like the taiko drum and the shamisen are often featured, creating syncopated rhythms that bring a dynamic quality to performances. Traditional drumming, particularly during festivals, displays a spectrum of tempos, ranging from slow, intentional beats to rapid, lively rhythms that capture the festive spirit of the occasion. 

Taiko Drummer

Just as in western songs, the tempo varies depending on the emotion of the music. In many traditional pieces the tempo is slow, allowing for a more immersive and emotional experience. Nevertheless, there are vibrant forms like min'yō (folk songs), characterized by quickly changing tempos that echo the exuberance of community events such as festivals and celebrations. This contrast in tempo, encompassing both slow and swift movements, showcases the broad emotional spectrum found in traditional Japanese music.  

                                                    Sakura, "Cherry Blossoms" Traditional

Traditional Japanese music falls under four main styles- Noh, Gagaku, Kabuki, and Min'yō. Linked above is an example of Noh. This style is known for minimalistic instruments and slow tempo. Gagaku is similar to Noh in its slow tempo, but more orchestral elements are used. Gagaku i performances frequently incorporate dance and are essential to numerous rituals. This style is commonly played at banquets and ceremonies. 

UNESCO, "Gagaku" -2009

Kabuki is another style of traditional music. Kabuki is unlike both Gagaku and Noh, as it is much more theatrical and flamboyant. The rhythmic patterns are frequently syncopated and full of energy, complementing the dynamic action on stage. Even if you don't recognize the music, you'll recognize the distinct costumes and dance that accompany it. Finally, we have the more upbeat style of traditional music, Min'yō. This genre of music is folksier and is typically passed down through generations. Musical styles can vary from simple, repetitive tunes to intricate, multi-layered harmonies, mirroring the country's rich cultural diversity. 

Portland Japanese Garden, "Kabuki on Stage" - 2017

Yoshida Brothers, "Kodo" - 2011 

Min'yō

In short, traditional Japanese music is a very complex and deep topic. Its distinctive harmony, intricate rhythms, varied tempos, and rich styles create a listening experience that is both unique and deeply reflective. Through researching these elements, I've come to appreciate not just the sound of traditional Japanese music but also its cultural significance and emotional depth.

Sources:

“An Introduction to Japanese Traditional Music – What Are the Old Types?” Question Japan, 26 July 2021, questionjapan.com/blog/location-guides/japanese-traditional-music.

Aerith. “Japanese Music History since 1960s and 1970s.” note（ノート）, 21 Sept. 2020, note.com/aerith_jp/n/n00a6cf22dfc1.

Malm, WilliaP. “Japanese History, Instruments, Artists, and Facts.” Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Aug. 2009, www.britannica.com/art/Japanese-music.

Wikipedia contributors. “ Traditional Japanese music.” Wikipedia, 9 Dec. 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Japanese_music.